Editor’s Note: This post was updated for accuracy, clarity, and to reflect our current services and care process.
An anal Pap smear is a simple screening test. It checks for early signs of cell changes that could lead to cancer.
It is quick, safe, and can help catch problems early—before they become serious.
What is an anal Pap smear?
An anal Pap smear looks for abnormal cells in the anus.
These cell changes are often linked to HPV (human papillomavirus). HPV is a common virus. Most people will get it at some point in their lives.
In many cases, HPV goes away on its own. But sometimes, it can cause changes that may lead to cancer over time.
Who should get an anal Pap smear?
Your provider may recommend this test if you are at higher risk.
You may benefit from screening if you:
- Are living with HIV
- Are a gay or bisexual man
- Have a history of HPV or anal warts
- Have had abnormal Pap test results before
Not everyone needs this test. A provider can help you decide what is right for you.
Why this screening matters
Anal cancer is rare, but the risk is higher for some people.
Screening can:
- Find cell changes early
- Help prevent cancer
- Give you peace of mind
Early care is often simpler and more effective.
What to expect during the test
The test is quick and usually done in a clinic.
A provider will use a small swab to collect cells from the area.
You may feel some pressure, but it should not be painful.
The sample is sent to a lab. Your provider will follow up with results and next steps if needed.
When should you talk to a provider?
You should talk to a provider if you:
- Think you may be at higher risk
- Have symptoms like pain, bleeding, or unusual changes
- Have questions about screening
Even if you feel fine, it is okay to ask about preventive care.
Take the Next Step
If you are already in care at The Project/PHC Medical, ask your provider or case manager if an anal Pap smear is recommended for you.
Your care team can help you understand:
- Your personal risk
- What screening may be right for you
- What to expect during the test
- Any follow-up steps after results
If you have questions before your next visit, contact The Project or send a message through your patient portal.
